Analysis of the breathability of polyester activewear fabric

1. Basic structure and breathability principle of polyester fabric
Polyester is a synthetic fiber, usually made by the polycondensation reaction of terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene glycol (EG). Due to its tight fiber structure, polyester fabric itself does not have the natural breathability of natural fibers (such as cotton and linen). The breathability of polyester fiber is not constant, it is affected by many factors, including the weaving method of the fabric, the surface treatment technology of the fiber, and the later functional treatment.

Fiber structure: The breathability of polyester fabric depends largely on the density of its fiber. Compared with natural fibers, polyester fibers have a higher density, and the single polyester fiber itself has poor breathability. Modern polyester fabrics often use special weaving techniques or processing techniques to improve their breathability. Using a looser weaving structure can increase the gaps in the fabric, allowing air to pass through the fabric more easily and enhance the breathability of the fabric.

Mesh structure: A common way to improve the breathability of polyester fabrics is to use a mesh structure (mesh fabric). Mesh fabrics usually form a mesh structure with good breathability through larger pores. This structure allows air to circulate during exercise, helping to keep dry and reduce the accumulation of body heat, thereby improving comfort during exercise. Many sportswear brands tend to use polyester fabrics with this structure, especially in summer or high-intensity exercise, mesh fabrics can provide very good breathability.

2. Factors affecting the breathability of polyester sportswear
Although polyester fabrics have certain breathability, their specific performance is still affected by many factors. The following factors are the key to determining the breathability of polyester sportswear fabrics.

Fabric density and weaving method: The breathability of polyester fabrics is closely related to the density of its fabric. The smaller the fabric density, the larger the space for air circulation and the better the breathability. Common breathable polyester fabrics usually use low-density or loose weaving methods, which can increase the gaps between fibers and make it easier for air to pass through.

Polyester fiber fineness: The fineness of polyester fibers also has a certain effect on breathability. The finer the fiber, the better the overall breathability of the fabric. Finer fibers provide a denser void structure, which enhances air circulation. Many high-end sports brands use finer polyester fibers to produce sportswear with better breathability.

Fiber surface treatment: The surface treatment process of polyester fabrics also has an important impact on breathability. Polyester fabrics treated with water-repellent or waterproof coatings can provide better waterproof performance, but may reduce the breathability of the fabric. Many sports brands choose to use microporous technology, that is, a fine pore structure on the surface of polyester fabrics. These micropores can maintain the breathability of the fabric and provide waterproof or windproof functions.

Moisture management technology: Many modern polyester activewear fabrics also use moisture management technology to optimize breathability. These technologies usually use the structural design and treatment process of the fiber to enable the fabric to more effectively discharge sweat and moisture and evaporate quickly. This treatment can significantly improve the breathability of the fabric and avoid discomfort caused by sweat accumulation.

3. Optimization of breathability of polyester sportswear fabrics
In order to enhance the breathability of polyester sportswear fabrics, manufacturers usually use a series of technologies and processes to optimize the performance of the fabric.

Using special fiber technology: In order to improve the breathability of polyester sportswear fabrics, many manufacturers use special fiber technology. Using polyester fibers with a microporous structure can improve its breathability while maintaining the strength and durability of the fabric. These micropores can provide better air circulation without affecting the appearance of the fabric.

Nanotechnology and surface treatment: In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely used in the modification of textiles. By applying nano coatings on the surface of polyester fabrics, better moisture management and breathability can be achieved. Nano coatings can not only maintain the breathability of the fabric, but also enhance its waterproof and windproof functions, thereby improving the comfort and functionality of sportswear.

Combining natural fibers: Some sportswear brands have also tried to combine polyester with natural fibers (such as cotton or wool) to create composite fabrics through blending technology. Natural fibers have natural breathability and can effectively improve the comfort and breathability of polyester fabrics. This composite material not only has the durability and strength of polyester, but also improves the moisture absorption and perspiration performance and breathability of the fabric.

Improved Weave Structure: As mentioned earlier, the weave structure of polyester fabric has a great impact on breathability. By adopting a looser or mesh weave, manufacturers can effectively increase the air circulation space in the fabric and improve breathability. There are also some innovative weaving methods, such as three-dimensional weaving structure, which can further improve the breathability of the fabric.